Some Basic knowledge for programming

2017-04-08

virtual function

在某基类中声明为 virtual 并在一个或多个派生类中被重新定义的成员函数，用法格式为：virtual 函数返回类型函数名（参数表） {函数体}；实现多态性，通过指向派生类的基类指针或引用，访问派生类中同名覆盖成员函数

multiple thread

deadlock and starvation

UDP

UDP is Connectionless Protocal

TCP

To establish a connection, TCP uses a three-way handshake. Before a client attempts to connect with a server, the server must first bind to and listen at a port to open it up for connections: this is called a passive open. Once the passive open is established, a client may initiate an active open. To establish a connection, the three-way (or 3-step) handshake occurs:

SYN: The active open is performed by the client sending a SYN to the server. The client sets the segment’s sequence number to a random value A.
SYN-ACK: In response, the server replies with a SYN-ACK. The acknowledgment number is set to one more than the received sequence number i.e. A+1, and the sequence number that the server chooses for the packet is another random number, B.
ACK: Finally, the client sends an ACK back to the server. The sequence number is set to the received acknowledgement value i.e. A+1, and the acknowledgement number is set to one more than the received sequence number i.e. B+1.
At this point, both the client and server have received an acknowledgment of the connection. The steps 1, 2 establish the connection parameter (sequence number) for one direction and it is acknowledged. The steps 2, 3 establish the connection parameter (sequence number) for the other direction and it is acknowledged. With these, a full-duplex communication is established.

some tricks

What is the difference between using ++i and i++?

++i will increment the value of i, and then return the incremented value.

1
2
3

 i = 1;
 j = ++i;
(i is 2, j is 2)

i++ will increment the value of i, but return the original value that i held before being incremented.

1
2
3

i = 1;
j = i++;
(i is 2, j is 1)